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联合国历任秘书长简介——布特罗斯•布特罗斯-加利
2020-09-15 14:52  

1992年1月1日,布特罗斯•布特罗斯-加利成为联合国第六任秘书长,开始为期五年的任期。1991年12月3日大会任命时,布特罗斯•布特罗斯-加利先生担任埃及主管外交事务的副总理,这一职位自1991年5月开始。1977年10月至1991年,他担任外交国务部长。

布特罗斯-加利先生作为一位外交家、法学家、学者和著作丰富的作家,长期从事国际事务。

他于1987年成为埃及议会议员,并从1980年开始,成为国家民主党秘书处成员。在他就任联合国秘书长职位以前,又担任过社会主义国际的副主席。

1979年至1991年,他担任国际法委员会成员,以前曾任国际法学家委员会成员。他担任过许多与其法律、国际事务与政治学等背景有关的专业和学术工作,其中包括以下各机构的成员身份:国际法研究所、国际人权研究所、非洲政治学会和伦理和政治学院(法国科学院,巴黎)。

四十多年来,布特罗斯-加利先生参加过以下各领域的许多会议:国际法、人权、经济和社会发展、非殖民化、中东问题、国际人道主义法、少数族裔和其它少数人的权利、不结盟、地中海区域发展和非洲-阿拉伯合作。

1978年9月,布特罗斯-加利先生出席了戴维营首脑会议,参与谈判埃及与以色列之间1979年签订的《戴维营协议》。他多次率领埃及代表团出席非洲统一组织(非统组织)和不结盟国家运动以及法国和非洲国家元首的首脑会议。他又担任过埃及出席联合国大会1979、1982和1990年会议的代表团团长。

布特罗斯-加利先生1949年获巴黎大学国际法博士学位。其论文是关于区域组织的研究。布特罗斯-加利先生1946年获开罗大学法学士学位,他还得到过巴黎大学政治学、经济学和公法等不同学科的文凭。

1949年至1977年,布特罗斯-加利先生担任开罗大学的国际法和国际关系教授。1974年至1977年,他担任阿拉伯社会主义联盟中央委员会和政治局成员。

布特罗斯-加利先生的其它专业和学术活动包括:哥伦比亚大学富布赖特研究学者(1954-1955);海牙国际法学院研究中心主任(1963-1964);巴黎大学法学院访问教授(1967-1968)。他曾在非洲、亚洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲和北美洲各地大学讲学国际法和国际关系。

布特罗斯-加利先生自1965年起任埃及国际法学会主席;自1975年起任政治和战略研究中心主任;自1978年起任海牙国际法学院行政理事会理事;自1978年起任世界和平学会科学委员会成员(法国、门通);自1979年起任国际事务研究所(罗马)准成员。从1971年至1979年,他担任国际劳工组织公约适用和建议委员会成员,布特罗斯-加利先生还创办了刊物“Al-AhramIgtisadi”,1960至1975年任编辑;还创办季刊“Al-SeyassaAl-Dawlia”担任编辑工作直到1991年12月为止。

布特罗斯-加利先生著作的一百多种出版物和许多论文的内容涉及区域和国际事务、法律和外交以及政治学。

布特罗斯-加利先生的事业过程中获得二十四个国家的授奖和荣誉,除埃及外,包括:比利时、意大利、哥伦比亚、危地马拉、法国、厄瓜多尔、阿根廷、尼泊尔、卢森堡、葡萄牙、尼日尔、马里、墨西哥、希腊、智利、文莱达鲁萨兰国、德国、秘鲁、科特迪瓦、丹麦、中非共和国、瑞典和大韩民国。他还荣获马耳他主权军事勋章。

他曾获俄罗斯科学院国家和法律研究所名誉法学博士学位,莫斯科(1992年9月);巴黎政治学研究所名誉博士学位(1993年1月);世界事务委员会克里斯琴•赫脱纪念奖,波斯顿(1993年3月);卢旺天主教大学名誉博士学位,比利时(1993年4月);意大利共建和平基金会“和平人物”奖(1993年7月);赖伐尔大学名誉博士学位,魁北克(1993年8月);纽约非洲--美国研究所小阿瑟•霍顿明星水晶卓越成就奖(1993年11月)。

此外,他获得俄罗斯自然科学院名誉成员,莫斯科(1994年4月);俄罗斯科学院名誉外国成员,莫斯科(1994年4月);白俄罗斯科学院名誉外国成员,明斯克(1994年4月);卡洛斯三世大学名誉博士学位,马德里(1994年4月);乔治敦大学外交学院名誉学位,华盛顿特区(1994年5月);蒙克顿大学名誉国际法博士学位,加拿大新不伦瑞克(1994年8月);以及布加勒斯特大学(1994年8月)、巴库大学(1994年10月)、埃里温大学(1994年11月)、海法大学(1995年2月)、维也纳大学(1995年2月)和墨尔本大学(1995年4月)的名誉博士学位;和加拿大卡尔顿大学名誉法学博士学位(1995年11月)。他被任命为耶鲁大学伯克利学院的评议员(1995年3月)并获颁国际了解和社会成就奥纳西斯奖(1995年7月)。他获颁波尔多孟德斯鸠大学名誉法学博士学位,法国(1996年3月),并获得高丽大学名誉博士学位,大韩民国汉城(1996年4月)。

布特罗斯-加利先生1922年11月14日生于开罗。他的夫人为玛丽亚•莱亚•布特罗斯-加利。

Mr. BoutrosGhali became the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations on 1 January 1992, when he began a five-year term. At the time of his appointment by the General Assembly on 3 December 1991, Mr. Boutros-Ghali had been Deputy Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of Egypt since May 1991 and had served as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs from October 1977 until 1991.

Mr. Boutros-Ghali has had a long association with international affairs as a diplomat, jurist, scholar and widely published author. He became a member of the Egyptian Parliament in 1987 and was part of the secretariat of the National Democratic Party from 1980. Until assuming the office of Secretary-General of the United Nations, he was also Vice- President of the Socialist International.

He was a member of the International Law Commission from 1979 until 1991, and is a former member of the International Commission of Jurists. He has many professional , , , and academic associations related to his background in law, international affairs and political science, among them, his membership in theInstituteofInternational Law, the International Institute of Human Rights, the African Society of Political Studies and the Académie des sciences moralesetpolitique (Académiefrançaise, Paris).

Over four decades, Mr. Boutros-Ghali participated in numerous meetings dealing with international law, human rights, economic and social development, decolonization, the Middle East question, international humanitarian law, the rights of ethnic and other minorities, non-alignment, development in the Mediterranean region and Afro-Arab cooperation.

In September 1978, Mr. Boutros-Ghali attended the Camp David Summit Conference and had a role in negotiating the Camp David accords betweenEgyptandIsrael, which were signed in 1979. He led many delegations of his country to meetings of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries, as well as to the Summit Conference of the French and African Heads of State. He also headedEgypt's delegation to the General Assembly sessions in 1979, 1982 and 1990.

Mr. Boutros-Ghali received a Ph.D. in international law fromParisUniversityin 1949. His thesis was on the study of regional organizations. Mr. Boutros-Ghali also holds a Bachelor of Laws degree, received fromCairoUniversityin 1946, as well as separate diplomas in political science, economics and public law fromParisUniversity.

Between 1949 and 1977, Mr. Boutros-Ghali was Professor of International Law and International Relations atCairoUniversity. From 1974 to 1977, he was a member of the Central Committee and Political Bureau of the Arab Socialist Union.

Among his other professional and academic activities, Mr. Boutros-Ghali was a Fulbright Research Scholar at Columbia University (1954-1955); Director of the Centre of Research of The Hague Academy of International Law (1963-1964); and Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law, Paris University (1967-1968). He has lectured on international law and international relations at universities in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America andNorth America.

Mr. Boutros-Ghali was President of the Egyptian Society of International Law from 1965; President of the Centre of Political and Strategic Studies (Al-Ahram) from 1975; member of the Curatorium Administrative Council of The Hague Academy of International Law from 1978; member of the Scientific Committee of the Académiemondiale pour la paix (Menton, France) from 1978; and associate member of the Institute affariinternazionali (Rome) from 1979. He served as a member of the Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of the International LabourOrganisation from 1971 until 1979. Mr. Boutros-Ghali also founded the publication AlahramIqtisadi, which he edited from 1960 to 1975, and the quarterly Al-Seyassa Al-Dawlia, which he edited until December 1991.

The more than 100 publications and numerous articles that Mr. Boutros-Ghali has written deal with regional and international affairs, law and diplomacy, and political science.

During the course of his career, Mr. Boutros-Ghali has received awards and honours from 24 countries, which, besides Egypt, include Belgium, Italy, Colombia, Guatemala, France, Ecuador, Argentina, Nepal, Luxembourg, Portugal, Niger, Mali, Mexico, Greece, Chile, Brunei Darussalam, Germany, Peru, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Central African Republic, Sweden and the Republic of Korea. He has also been decorated with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

He was awarded a doctorate of law honoriscausa from the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (September 1992); a doctorate honoriscausa from l'Institutd'étudespolitiques de Paris (January 1993); the Christian A. Herter Memorial Award from the World Affairs Council, Boston (March 1993); a doctorate honoriscausa from The Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium (April 1993); the "Man of Peace" award, sponsored by the Italian-based Together for Peace Foundation (July 1993); an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Laval, Quebec (August 1993); and the Arthur A. Houghton Jr. Star Crystal Award for Excellence from the African-American Institute, New York (November 1993).

In addition, he was given an honorary membership of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow (April 1994); an honorary foreign membership of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (April 1994); an honourary foreign membership of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, (April 1994); an honorary doctorate from the University Carlos III of Madrid (April 1994); an honorary degree from the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (May 1994); a doctorate in international law honoriscausa from the University of Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (August 1994); honorary doctorates from the University of Bucharest (October 1994), University of Baku (October 1994), University of Yerevan (November 1994), University of Haifa (February 1995), University of Vienna (February 1995), and University of Melbourne (April 1995); and a doctorate of law honoriscausa from Carleton University, Canada (November 1995). He was made a Fellow of Berkeley College,YaleUniversity(March 1995) and is the recipient of the Onassis Award for International Understanding and Social Achievement (July 1995). He was awarded an honorary doctorate of law by the University Montesquien ofBordeau,France(March 1996), and he received an honorary doctorate fromKoryoUniversity,Seoul,RepublicofKorea(April 1996).

Mr. Boutros-Ghali was born inCairoon 14 November 1922. He is married to Leia Maria Boutros-Ghali.

 
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